August 11, 2024
What is "Bizen-yaki"? Features, Attractions, Kilns, and Pottery Market Information
The origins and historical evolution of Bizen ware
The history of Bizen ware begins with Sueki pottery from the Kofun period. Sueki pottery, whose manufacturing techniques were introduced from Korea, evolved in Japan, and by the Heian period, bowls, plates, trays, tiles, and other everyday utensils were produced at the foot of Mount Kumayama.
During the Kamakura period, mainly pots, jars, and mortars were produced in large quantities. From this period onward, the distinctive reddish-brown baked texture characteristic of present-day Bizen ware began to be fired.
By the end of the Muromachi period, clay collected from the Ibe area was used, a potter's wheel was employed for shaping, and mass production became possible. Large semi-underground anagama kilns were also constructed.
During the Edo period, pottery developed under the protection and control of the feudal domains, with small kilns being consolidated and communal kilns (large kilns) constructed. A production system managed by the six kiln families was established, leading to the expansion of pottery production. Bizen ware was made not only for tea utensils and everyday miscellaneous items but also for ornaments and other objects.
In the late Edo period, competition with other ceramics intensified, and Bizen ware showed signs of decline. However, overcoming difficult times from the Meiji to the early Showa period, the emergence of Kaneshige Toyo brought about the revival of Bizen ware. He was designated a Living National Treasure, and the reputation of Bizen ware increased.
The charm of Bizen ware
The charm of Bizen ware lies primarily in its simplicity. Without using painting or glaze, you can enjoy the texture and feel of the clay as it is. Each piece is handcrafted and fired, so every work has its own unique shape and firing characteristics.
The strength and heat retention achieved through high-temperature firing are also attractions of Bizen ware. Bizen ware, fired at temperatures above 1200 degrees Celsius for about two weeks, is extremely durable and is reputed to be "unbreakable even if thrown." Its surface has fine irregularities and breathability, enhancing the flavor of food and beverages.
Additionally, Bizen ware uses a rare clay called "Hiyose," which is rich in clay content. This clay contains a high amount of iron and has properties that enhance strength. The characteristics of the clay vary by region, which is reflected in the individuality of the works and artists. This regional variation is one of the attractions.
Bizen ware kiln changes and their characteristics
Bizen ware does not use glaze, but the color changes that appear during firing are called "yohen" (kiln transformation). There are various names depending on the characteristics of the "yohen."
Sesame (sesame)
The sesame pattern seen in Bizen ware is formed when ash from the firewood adheres during firing, creating a pattern that looks like sprinkled sesame seeds. Depending on the shape of the kiln, firing method, and type of firewood used, various colors such as blue, black, brown, and white are expressed. Nowadays, intentionally adding sesame patterns is also practiced.
Blue Bizen
Usually, Bizen ware is fired in an oxidizing flame with sufficient oxygen, resulting in a red finish. However, when fired in a reduced atmosphere with insufficient oxygen, "Ao-Bizen" is produced, which ranges in color from blue to black. There are two variations: natural blue and salt blue.
Black Bizen
One of the Bizen ware pieces fired during the Furubizen period, which is sometimes reproduced nowadays. Using clay with a high iron content and firing it at high temperatures produces black Bizen ware. There is also a method of applying black clay to the surface before firing, which is also called "Ibe-te."
Crossing
It refers to the kiln transformation that occurs when a piece placed on the kiln floor becomes buried in ash. Since it is not directly exposed to fire, it undergoes a smoke firing (reduction firing), resulting in a kiln transformation with unique colors ranging from ash blue to dark brown. This phenomenon originates from the "shelf" which is the wall of the kiln.
A representative Bizen ware kiln
Ichiyo Kiln
Located about a 3-minute walk from Ibe Station, it is situated on the main street. At this kiln, you can visit the kiln site and workshop to observe the entire production process. In the sales area, standard Bizen ware items such as plates and beer mugs are displayed. The simple and timeless design is its charm.
Tokei-do
This kiln is marked by a red brick chimney. Here, you can enjoy viewing and purchasing works as well as touring the climbing kiln. The works of Momoyama Kimura, the 26th generation, are characterized by rounded shapes and original designs. The collection features richly textured pieces that make the most of the clay's feel, offering a wide range of items such as tableware, flower vases, and accessories. While preserving traditional firing methods, the works adapted to modern designs are captivating.
Modern Bizen ware
Nowadays, each piece is carefully crafted one by one by many artists and potters, ranging from traditional styles to unique and individual works. Bizen ware holds an important position in Japan's ceramic culture and is highly regarded both domestically and internationally.
Bizen Pottery Market - Bizen Pottery Festival
The "Bizen Pottery Festival" began in 1983 and will celebrate its 39th event in 2023. Held every October, the festival features about 400,000 pieces of Bizen pottery sold at roughly a 20% discount, attracting many pottery enthusiasts. Buyers receive lottery tickets, and over 4,000 prizes are prepared for lucky visitors. Additionally, attendees can enjoy a variety of events such as mini concerts on a special stage, a "Potter's Wheel Challenge" where they can try an electric wheel, and consultation sessions with artists. In recent years, more than 100,000 people have visited over the two days, making it a very popular pottery festival.
Find your favorite vessel on Narrative Platform
If you're looking for artist-made pottery, "Narrative Platform" is the place. It features detailed videos showcasing the artists' pottery-making process and their particular attention to detail.